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Pindabol Formation
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Pindabol Fm base reconstruction

Pindabol Fm


Period: 
Permian, Carboniferous

Age Interval: 
Moscovian-Asselian/Sakmarian


Province: 
NW Himalaya Kashmir Basin

Type Locality and Naming

The type location is in Pindabol ridge Liddar Valley, Anantnag District, Kashmir. [Original Publication: Middlemiss, C.S. 1910. A revision of Silurian-Trias sequence in Kashmir. Record Geological Survey of India, 40(3): 206-260.]

Synonyms: Agglomeratic Slate Fm


Lithology and Thickness

Pebbly mudstone and claystone-sandstone. The Pindabol Formation is 700-1000 m thick, conformably overlying the Fenestella Shale Fm, consists of dark gray slate, quartz arenite, polymictic conglomerate with quartzitic and arkosic to argillaceous matrix. The clasts are subrounded to subagular, poorly sorted and are composed mainly of quartzite and slate.


Lithology Pattern: 
Glacial till


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Conformably overlies the Fenestella Shale Fm

Upper contact

Overlain by the Panjal Volcanics Fm and in some sections by Nishatbagh Fm Beds.

Regional extent

Kashmir Basin


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Fauna from the basal part of the Pindabol Formation fauna are somewhat similar to those found in the Fenestella Shale Fm.

Brachiopod: Spirifer nitiness, S.kismari, S. facigeri, Products cora var. lineatus, P. scabriculus, P. undatus, Dielesma sp, Chonetes sp, Syringothyrus cuspidata, Derbyia regularis, Camarophoria dowhatensis. Bivalve: Eurydesma cordatum var. mytiloides, E. cordatum var. compressa, E. cordatum var. subquadra, E. hobartense var. rotunda, Deltopecten illawarensis and D. mitchelli, Pinna sp, Lima sp. Bryozoa: Fenestella sp, Protoretepora ampla.


Age 

Eurydesma assemblage signifies Asselian-Sakmarian as upper age limit. The upper part enclosing Eurydesma is equivalent of the Gechang Fm of the Spiti Valley.

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Moscovian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
315.15

    Ending stage: 
Sakmarian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.5

    Ending date (Ma):  
292.02

Depositional setting

Fluvial-glacial to fan-delta. The quartz sandstone beds show cross-bedding of various types. The Pindabol Formation represents fluvio-glacial to fan delta environment of deposition in a shallow sea.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

O.N. Bhargava & Birendra Singh